Tarek A. El Badawy
German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
Mariam M. Magdy
German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
Global exchange of goods and services increasingly exerts pressure on the productivity of labor.
Uncompetitive labor is marginalized and forced out of the market altogether. In Egypt, the public sector
has long suffered from HRM practices which are far behind the state of the art. Outmoded HRM practices
include: Wage compression, public-private wage differential, limited training, poor performance appraisal
systems, poor employee benefit packages, and hierarchical unified non-meritocratic structures. Research
has dealt with these issues extensively. The “shamrock” organizational scheme suggested in this paper
may help the public sector of Egypt lead the country under the auspices of the ‘win or die’ philosophy of
the global economy.
Key words: globalization, human resource management (HRM) policies, developing countries, public
sector, Egypt.
JEL classification: M52, M54
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